Accidents and Injuries From Earthquakes in California

California’s Seismic Activity Is Constant, With More Than 100 Earthquakes per Day

The recent increase in noticeable, foundation-shaking earthquakes in California has set off alarm bells in the Golden State. Known as “Earthquake Country” for being the second-most seismically active state in the country, it’s a good bet that if you’re feeling some shaking, there is an earthquake in California somewhere. With over 10,000 each year, or roughly one every three minutes, most quakes are too small to feel. However, approximately 15-20 are greater than magnitude 4.0. California also typically experiences two or three quakes large enough to cause moderate damage to homes or other structures yearly. Worst of all are the negative after-effects in the Golden State: the number of accidents and injuries caused by earthquakes in California would affect thousands. A major earthquake in Los Angeles would reshape the landscape of the city.

In the wake of the constant tremors affecting the coast, researchers’ predictions come with a detrimental warning to the citizens of California. Experts are clear: clarifying what to do in the event of an earthquake and outlining the steps to take after a major accident can save lives.

What is an Earthquake?

As NASA says on its website, an earthquake is “an intense shaking of the Earth’s surface caused by movements in the Earth’s outermost layer.”

But, how do they occur? As the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) points out, these shaking events are caused by the sudden slippage of a fault. “The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth’s crust and cause the shaking that we feel.”

The Greater the Magnitude, the Greater the Danger

All earthquakes are potentially dangerous. However, the impact and damage to life, property, and infrastructure will depend on the level of magnitude. When we talk about the magnitude, we are referring to the force with which it shakes. Typically, the most damaging earthquakes are those that pass magnitude 5.0. Likewise, the duration of the earthquake, which can be up to 90 seconds, must also be taken into account. To know the intensity, experts use the Magnitude of Seismic Moment (MMS) scale, a method of measuring the release of energy from the epicenter of the seismic movement.

Specialists also use the Richter seismological scale to measure and compare earthquakes. Often called the local magnitude scale (LMS), it is the best-known logarithmic scale, as it assigns a number to the energy released by an earthquake.

A large earthquake can cause serious damage: from killing thousands of people to affecting basic day-to-day needs. Among the latter, electricity, water, roads, internet, or residences can be irrevocably damaged in the event of a tremor. However, the worst consequences are counted with lives taken and victims injured for life. It is a particularly dangerous event that can rarely be spotted in time.

The importance of understanding each step of the earthquake process is critical to surviving this type of catastrophe. As a JD Supra report shows, knowing what to expect during and after seismic events can ensure your safety and that of others.

Which Earthquakes Have Caused the Most Damage in History?

There have been many earthquakes in history that have produced devastating results, taking lives and causing extensive damage to infrastructure. While 2023’s earthquake injuries in Turkey and Syria have been among the worst on record, other more tragic and powerful events top the list.

The deadliest earthquakes since 1950 are:

1. Tangshan, China, in 1976. 655,00 dead and 7.8 magnitude.
2. Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in 2010. 316.00 dead and 7.0 magnitude.
3. Andaman Islands, in 2004. 283,000 dead and 9.1 magnitude.
4. Sichuan, China, in 2008. 87,600 dead and 7.9 magnitude.
5. Kashmir, Pakistan, in 2005. 86,000 dead and 7.6 magnitude.

Despite being very deadly events, there were other earthquakes with greater magnitude:

1. Valdivia, 1960, with a magnitude of 9.5.
2. Indian Ocean, in 2004, with a magnitude of 9.3.
3. Alaska, in 1964, with a magnitude of 9.2.
4. Japan, in 2011, with a magnitude of 9.0.
5. Cascadia in San Andreas, California (Pacific Coast), in 1700, with 8.7 and 9.2 magnitude.

What is the “Big One” Earthquake in California?

The state most likely to experience earthquakes in the United States is California. In fact, after Alaska, it is the second most earthquake-prone state in the country today. According to studies and analysis by geologists, California experiences more than 100 earthquakes daily. However, as stated above, these earthquakes are small in magnitude and usually cause almost no damage.

However, with the possibility of a major earthquake coming, experts have chosen to give a name of their own to the great earthquake that is coming to California. Casually referred to by the community of scientists and researchers as the Big One, it is a future high-magnitude quake that will sooner or later strike the West Coast of the country.

The San Andreas Fault, Active Seismic Zone

This hypothetical large, catastrophic earthquake has put California on alert for the past 100 years. Specifically, the areas that would be most affected would be those on the 650-mile-long San Andreas Fault.

As we have seen previously and will explore in more depth throughout this post, records tell us this area of the region was already violently shaking in 1700. Later, in 1906, this fault was the trigger for an earthquake in San Francisco that caused more than 3,000 deaths. Since then, the risks of another major quake have been high.

But, why is there such a high risk of deaths and injuries from earthquakes in this part of California? As the USGS explains, there are two plates in the state: the Pacific plate and the North American plate. The boundary of these two plates is at the San Andreas Fault. Although it is not known when a major disaster could occur in the area, this fault is one of the largest and most active in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to be alert in case the tectonic plates move and trigger a more violent seismic movement than usual.

U.S. Earthquake Statistics

It is estimated that about 20,000 earthquakes occur annually worldwide. According to the National Earthquake Information Center, the average per day is 55. Records obtained over the last century show that, of the total number of earthquakes per year, only 15 are classified as major or great. In other words, they have a magnitude range of 7.0 or higher. The statistics show that the year with the most powerful earthquakes was 2010, with 23. The year with the fewest earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or greater was 1989, with six.

The United States is one of the places with the worst extreme-strength earthquakes in the world. According to WorldData, the death toll as a direct result of earthquakes since 1950 is 310. It is estimated that if a seismic event of more than 9.0 magnitude were to occur, the devastation and destruction could cover up to 1000 kilometers, causing thousands of deaths.

The worst earthquakes that have shaken North America are:

1. Alaska, 1964, 9.2 magnitude.
2. Pacific Coast, 1700, 9.2 magnitude.
3. Fort Tejon, CA, 1875, 7.9 magnitude.
4. San Francisco, CA, 1906, 7.9 magnitude.
5. Sonora, Mexico, 1987, 7.6 magnitude.

Why is California One of the States With the Worst Earthquake Statistics in the Country?

As mentioned, California is the second most earthquake-prone state in the country. With more than 100 per day, the Golden State is located in an area that is prone to many earthquakes due to the two plates.

Since historical records began, the total number of large earthquakes in California has been 70. While this may seem like a low number, the reality is that the state is one of the most consistently active seismic zones in the world. But, what makes California a target for earthquakes? The number of faults it has.

San Andreas Fault, Hayward, Rodgers Creek, San Jacinto, Puente Hills, and Great Valley

In addition to the already named and feared San Andreas Fault, California has approximately 15,000 faults, of which 500 are active geologic faults. These, however, have a lower grade of danger and intensity. Of these, the most examined by researchers are the Hayward, Rodgers Creek, San Jacinto, Puente Hills, and Great Valley faults.

Now, when discussing the San Andreas Fault, it is impossible not to ask questions. The reason why both Los Angeles and San Francisco have been the most affected cities is because of their geographic location. While Los Angeles is on the Pacific plate, San Francisco is on the North American plate. As the Pacific plate moves northward, the North American plate moves southward, moving an average of 6 inches closer each year. In some areas of California, due to the friction of these two plates, it is normal to have minimal but constant seismic movements. In other areas, the plates may tend to tangle and pull apart abruptly – resulting in earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 6.0 on the Richter scale.

The shaking of the San Andreas Fault with the other faults would result in a historic natural catastrophe for the state. As we will see below, the number of accidents and injuries from earthquakes in California would cause irreparable personal injury.

California’s Worst Earthquakes in History

Ridgecrest, 2019. 

The last major earthquake recorded in California was in central and southern California, at Ridgecrest, about 150 miles northeast of Los Angeles. According to subsequent investigations, faults in the Southern Central Valley were the source of the seismic activity that primarily struck, the citizens of San Bernardino and Kern.

The quake came in two waves, on July 4th and 5th. During Independence Day, the intensity was 6.4 magnitude, while the next day the magnitude of the shake reached 7.1. In addition to one fatality, 25 people sustained injuries from these earthquakes in Southern California

Northridge, 1994. 

Although there were other lethal earthquakes, the 1994 San Fernando Valley event was one of the most peculiar. With a magnitude of 6.7, this earthquake is unique because the fault responsible was not discovered until later. Eventually, the San Andreas Fault was found to be the culprit. This disaster caused $20 billion worth of damage, nearly 9,000 injuries, and around 30 deaths.

Loma Prieta, 1989.

Two years earlier, the San Francisco region had suffered a violent 6.9 earthquake. On October 17, 1989, this quake claimed 63 lives and injured more than 3,700 people. The San Andreas Fault was responsible for the entire Bay Area moving. It was the strongest seismic event in the area since 1906. The total damage amounted to $12 billion and more than 16,000 homes were rendered unusable.

San Fernando, 1971. 

More than 65 people died and more than 2,500 were injured in the 1971 earthquake. With a magnitude of 6.5, this earthquake mainly affected the San Fernando Valley area, northwest of Los Angeles.

Kern County, 1952.

The third-largest earthquake in California history occurred in 1952. With a magnitude of 7.3, it devastated numerous towns. The seismic activity lasted more than a month, injuring hundreds of people and taking the lives of 14 citizens. It was the worst quake in the country for 48 years.

Long Beach, 1933. 

This devastating earthquake severely affected California’s economy, mainly due to the loss of infrastructure. Approximately 120 people died and more than 500 were slightly or seriously injured. The 6.5 magnitude quake damaged a large amount of property. Many of the buildings that collapsed were schools. As a result, the Field Law was implemented, which obliged these institutions to reinforce construction safety.

San Francisco, 1906. 

On April 18, 1906, an earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale struck San Francisco. The San Andreas Fault ruthlessly shook the city, destroying more than 28,000 buildings, injuring 225,000 people, and killing more than 3,000. This famous seismic event is one of the most devastating in U.S. history and the deadliest in California. With a damage loss of $400 million, an estimated 250,000 Californians lost their homes.

Pre-1900 Earthquakes

Although there is not much detailed data, California suffered several seismic events during the 19th and 18th centuries.

• Cascadia Earthquake, 1700. Although not as extensive information has been obtained, the estimated magnitude of this earthquake ranged from 8.7 to 9.2. It caused a rupture length of about 620 miles and a slip of 66 feet. It is one of the worst earthquakes in world history.
• Fort Tejon earthquake, 1857. The San Andreas Fault caused a 7.9-magnitude shaking. Although only one person died, it was similar to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
• Owens Valley earthquake, 1872. The vertical and horizontal movements of the earth’s crust caused by the Owens Valley Fault resulted in the death of 27 people in 1872. It was felt statewide and in Nevada.

What Would Happen if a 7.0+ Magnitude Earthquake Shook California?

There have been warnings about the danger of a big earthquake in California. As we have explained above, scientists and researchers do not doubt that the Big One is closer than farther away. Some even go so far as to predict that it will occur within the next 20–30 years. Why? Statistics based on historical records indicate so. However, each fault has different estimates, and, beyond any prediction, it is almost impossible to calculate when it will appear. But, what would happen if the ground were to shake with that much force in California?

San Andreas Fault Would Especially Affect Los Angeles

Let’s start with the San Andreas Fault, the dreaded Big One that already wreaked quite a bit of havoc in San Francisco in 1906. Experts specifically fear the southern section of the fault, as it has not discharged large energies for quite some time. Geological studies reveal that, over the last 1,500 years, at least one earthquake happened every 150 years in the southern part. The last shock in this area was in 1857, causing an earthquake of magnitude 7.9.

Scientists believe that, in the event of a magnitude 7+ shaking in that section, Los Angeles and the surrounding area would be severely damaged. In that case, the potential consequences would be terrible: more than 2,000 dead, 50,000 injured, and property damage in excess of $200 million.

On the other hand, the Puente Hills fault is also located beneath Los Angeles. However, the probability of this earthquake occurring is not so high; in fact, scientists believe that it happens every 3,000 years. Still, as science journalist Jacob Margolis explains, there is concern about the location: “Experts are less concerned about Puente Hills because it’s not as active, but an earthquake there could be very destructive to the city.” The USGS published an analysis in 2005 explaining the aftermath of a 7.5 magnitude earthquake in Puente Hills, with devastating results: losses of more than $250,000 Million and up to 18,000 victims.

Hayward Fault Could Severely Impact the San Francisco Bay Area

According to researchers, this dangerous fault could unleash a major earthquake “at any time.” Although less well known, the Hayward fault lies beneath the city of Oakland. USGS geologist David Schwartz told the press that the fault “is a sort of tectonic time bomb waiting to detonate.” Reports obtained reveal a possible real 7.0 magnitude quake that is “ready to happen at any moment.” According to historical data, this fault and the Rodgers Creek fault also have a 140-year recurrence. The last one was in 1868, so the next hypothetical impact would be close to occurring.

To find out what effects this would have, USGS scientists analyzed a 7.0 magnitude quake. If so, of the seven million people living in the Hayward fault zone, 18,000 would be injured, two million buildings would be at risk, and approximately 800 would die. This study even says that 2,500 people would be rescued from the collapsed debris and 22,000 would be trapped in elevators. In total, the number of citizens affected would be 411,000 people.

USGS Fears Catastrophe in Southern California

Another 2008 USGS study, called the ShakeOut Scenario, showed the sweeping consequences a 7.8 earthquake would have on Southern California. The analysis states that this potential quake would be “so powerful that it would cause widespread damage that would affect the lives and livelihoods of everyone in the southern part of the state.” Among other aspects, the report corroborates the numerous accidents and injuries that would be caused by earthquakes in California:

• It would be one of the worst natural disasters in U.S. history, with nearly 2,000 deaths.
• Los Angeles County would be the hardest hit, with more than 1,000 deaths. Orange County would follow, with almost 400.
• There would be more than 50,000 injured.
• Major highways to large cities in other states would be destroyed.
• Up to a million people would be displaced from their homes.
• The region would be isolated for some time.
• Major public services would be compromised.

What to Do Before, During, and After an Earthquake?

Since the 1996 earthquake, Southern California had lived without earthquake scares or alarms. However, with the strong shaking that disrupted the lives of many in July 2019, the urgency to know what to do during and after an earthquake has increased. While you never know when a major event will strike, it is critical to know what steps to take to avoid accidents and injuries if earthquakes occur in California.

How to Prepare for an Earthquake in California

There are several details to be planned for in the event of an earthquake. Some tips to keep in mind are:

• Make a family emergency plan that includes an outside member of the household and a common place to meet after the earthquake.
• Check and fix structural problems that could cause collapse.
• Securely fasten heavy household items such as refrigerators, cabinets, or televisions.
• Obtain an earthquake insurance policy.
• Have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, and flashlight on hand.
• Know where the water, electricity, and gas valves are located.

What to Do During Seismic Activity

1. Remain calm. If you are inside, stay inside. If you are outside, stay outside.
2. If inside, follow three steps: drop, cover, and hold on. If you are outside, do not attempt to access the interiors of any buildings, or pass near them from the outside. And if in a car, stop and stay inside until the activity is over.

How to Respond After an Earthquake

First, aftershocks are likely to continue, so stay alert. Once you think the shock has passed, the first thing to do is to make sure everyone is okay. It is normal to suffer injuries when earthquakes strike in California, so knowing first aid can be very useful.

After checking that everyone is in good condition, you have two options: if your property has suffered a lot of damage, leave the building; if everything seems to be in order, ensure the safety of your home by turning off the water, gas, and electricity valves to avoid further damage.

In case you are trapped, you have to try to call the attention of rescue services. If you have your phone, call or send a message. If you don’t have anything, try to make noise, either by shouting or by banging on a pipe or wall.

What You Shouldn’t Do During an Earthquake

• Do not use elevators.
• Avoid the temptation to run away.
• Do not stand near windows or glass furniture.
• Do not go through doors.
• Stay away from walls.
• In the case of driving, do not brake suddenly. This could cause a rear-end collision and a multi-car pile-up. Likewise, do not drive over or under a bridge.

What Types of Personal Injuries Can Earthquakes in California Cause?

Victims of an earthquake often experience violent shocks that can even result in death. Typically, the most common injuries are long bone and pelvic fractures, as well as crush injuries, compartment syndrome, or gangrene. It is not uncommon for survivors to also sustain injuries from cuts, minor contusions, or burns.

On the other hand, the most common severe injuries are usually related to skull fractures with hemorrhage. Neck injuries, liver lacerations, or lung damage are other consequences of an earthquake.

Can I Get Compensation For Personal Injuries Related To An Earthquake?

Yes, although it depends on the situation. To be eligible for compensation in personal injury cases, there must be negligence. And the fact is that earthquakes occur without human intervention. However, this does not mean that you have injuries that occurred as a result of someone else’s negligence in the aftermath of the seismic event. Cases involving injuries from earthquakes in California should be analyzed by a legal professional.

For example, poor building design is one of the cases where compensation can be obtained. Since the 1971 San Fernando Valley earthquake, California legislated seismic building codes for new and old buildings to prevent future casualties. This stipulated that older buildings must be constantly maintained and strengthened. Nevertheless, not all owners comply with these codes, which would give way to a violation of the law and, therefore, could be sued for negligence.

Failure to clean up debris or make repairs is another reason for lawsuits. Yes, earthquakes wreak havoc: they destroy property, knock down trees, or destroy power lines. This damage, once the seismic event is over, must be picked up to prevent further damage. Otherwise, if property owners or business owners do not clean up the debris properly, they run the risk of being sued by an injured victim. For example, if an earthquake has broken the windows of a hotel or bar and a person passes by and cuts himself.

Accidents involving injuries from earthquakes in California do not have to come from severe seismic activity. Whether you have suffered minor or serious injuries, it is normal to consider whether you may be able to receive compensation for your injuries.

California Business Paid $2 Million for Negligence After Earthquake

One of the first cases won for negligence after new building codes were passed occurred in 2003. During a 6.5 magnitude earthquake in Paso Robles, two women were crushed to death in the clothing store where they worked. The families sued the owners, who claimed they were in compliance with building codes.

In 2010, a jury agreed to a $2 million settlement for the property owner’s negligence in failing to upgrade the building’s earthquake safety when required by city law.

Obtaining Insurance Coverage for Accidents and Injuries Due to Earthquakes in California

One of the ways to ensure secure compensation is through an earthquake policy. Standard homeowners’ insurance does not typically cover earthquake damage, so having an additional plan to cover potential bills after an earthquake can be key to your financial well-being.

Rely on an Experienced Personal Injury Lawyer To Handle Your Case

Cases of personal injuries involving earthquakes in California are more unique than others. Knowing how to handle the legal process correctly and applying a sound strategy for success is beyond the reach of many attorneys. As one of the most established options in the state, Adamson Ahdoot is one of the leaders in personal injury cases. The attorneys at our firm are capable of winning any litigation. They strive to know all the details and research the information so that you can obtain compensation.

Call Us Today if You Have Experienced Injuries Following an Earthquake Accident in California

Have you been injured after experiencing seismic activity at home? Do you have injuries after earthquakes in California due to someone else’s negligence? When there is a natural catastrophe that results in personal injury, it is difficult to know who is at fault. However, although in many cases the damage is irreparable, there are occasions when it could have been avoided.

If you have been injured as a result of an earthquake and don’t know where to turn, Adamson Ahdoot can help. With over 100 years of combined legal experience, our attorneys guarantee you just compensation. Not only are they determined and ambitious during litigation, but they also empathize with your case: they focus on the client’s health and well-being first.

If you’d like to know your claim’s chances of receiving compensation for earthquake damage, call us today. Available 24/7, our team is always ready to assist you in both Spanish and English. Call us today at (800) 310-1606 to schedule an appointment.